Add ¾ cup of the pistachios to a food processor. Pulse in short 2–3 second bursts until the texture resembles coarse flour — about 10–12 pulses. Stop as soon as it looks like fine crumbs; over-processing past this point turns the pistachios into a paste. Transfer to a bowl and set aside.
Add the remaining ½ cup pistachios to the food processor and pulse 3–4 times until roughly chopped into uneven pieces, some larger, some small. You want visible chunks, not dust. Set aside separately — these go on top.
Mix the batter:
Preheat the oven to 400°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously with cooking spray, including the rims, or use silicone muffin cups set on a sheet pan.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the pistachio flour, all-purpose flour, baking powder, and kosher salt until evenly combined. Set aside.
In a large bowl, beat the softened butter and packed brown sugar together with a hand mixer or stand mixer on medium speed until light and fluffy, about 2–3 minutes. The mixture should look pale and airy — don't rush this step, it builds structure.
Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Add the sour cream, whole milk, and lemon zest. Mix on low until just combined, scraping down the sides and bottom of the bowl as needed.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients all at once. Fold gently with a spatula until no flour pockets remain — about 12–15 folds. Stop as soon as it comes together. Overmixing develops gluten and makes the muffins tough.
Bake:
Divide the batter evenly among the 12 muffin cups, filling each about ¾ full. An ice cream scoop makes this easier and more even. Scatter the roughly chopped pistachios over the tops, pressing very lightly so they adhere.
Bake at 400°F for 5 minutes — this initial high heat creates the dome. Without opening the oven, reduce the temperature to 350°F and continue baking for 13–15 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out with just a few moist crumbs and the tops are golden.
Cool in the tin for 10 minutes before transferring to a wire rack. The muffins will release more cleanly once slightly cooled.
Notes
Don't over-process the pistachio flour. Short pulses only — the moment it looks like coarse flour, stop. Pistachios are high in fat and will turn into pistachio butter quickly if over-processed. Pistachio butter makes great toast but terrible muffins, ask me how I know.
The temperature drop is intentional. Starting at 400°F for 5 minutes forces a rapid rise that creates the domed top. Dropping to 350°F finishes the bake gently so the center cooks through without the exterior overbrowning. Don't skip either step.
Silicone cups vs. metal tin. Both work — silicone cups set on a sheet pan produce a slightly softer exterior and more rounded shape. A metal tin gives a more defined crust. Neither is wrong; just different.
Room temperature butter matters. Cold butter won't cream properly with the sugar and the batter will be lumpy. If you forgot to soften it, cut into small cubes and microwave at 50% power in 10-second bursts until just pliable but not melted.
Store covered at room temperature up to 3 days, or refrigerate up to 1 week. Bring to room temperature before serving — cold muffins taste drier than they are.
Reheat in the microwave 15–20 seconds from room temperature or 30 seconds from the fridge.