Heat oil in a large Dutch oven or deep skillet over medium heat. Add onion and cook until softened and lightly browned, 5–7 minutes. Stir in garlic and cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Add chickpeas, carrots, bell pepper, peanut butter, tomato paste, smoked paprika, cumin, cayenne, salt, and habanero (if using). Stir until vegetables are evenly coated and peanut butter begins to melt into the mixture, about 2 minutes.
Stir in broth, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the pot. Bring to a simmer. Cook uncovered, stirring occasionally, until carrots are tender and the stew has thickened, 20–25 minutes.
Remove from heat. Remove and discard habanero if used. Stir in lime juice. Taste and season with additional salt if needed.
Serve warm over rice, garnished with cilantro and chopped peanuts if desired.
Notes
Use natural peanut butter (just peanuts and salt)—sweetened versions will throw off the flavor.
Leaving the habanero whole gently infuses heat without overwhelming. For more intense spice, chop it before adding.
For a creamier consistency, mash a few chickpeas against the side of the pot before serving.
The stew thickens as it sits. Add a splash of broth when reheating.
Storage: Refrigerate up to 5 days; freeze up to 3 months.Reheating: Stovetop over medium-low heat, adding broth or water to thin; microwave works but stir halfway through.